Damage Types to Fire on Enemies:

Angel - Explosive
Blood - Thermal
Drones - EM
Gurista - Kinetic
Mercenaries - Thermal
Mordus - Thermal & Kinetic
Sansha - EM & Thermal

Damage Types Dealt by NPCs:

Amarr Navy - EM / Thermal
Angel Cartel - All Types
Blood Raider - Thermal / EM
Caldari - Kinetic / Thermal
Gallente - Kinetic / Thermal
Guristas - Kinetic / Thermal
Minmatar Fleet - Thermal / Explosive
Mercenaries - Kinetic / Thermal / Explosive
Mordu's Legion - EM / Kinetic / Thermal
Rogue Drones - All Damage Types
Sansha's Nation - EM / Thermal
Serpentis - Kinetic / Thermal
Eom - EM

Targeting systems:

Minmatar - Ladar
Caldari - Gravimetric
Gallente - Magnetorahrah
Amarr - Radarz