If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.

Stacking penalty =
0.5 ^ [ ((N-1) / 2.22292081)^2 ]
1 : 1.0000000000
2 : 0.8691199806
3 : 0.5705831430
4 : 0.2829551534
5 : 0.1059926494
note: modules with highest bonuses are calculated first.

Align time (seconds) =
[mass(kg) / 1mil] x inertia x 1.386

Lock time (seconds) =
[40000/ScanRes] / [asinh(SigRadius) ^2]

Standing to use agents =
2* [agent level -1] + [0.05 * quality]

Skill training rate =
Primary attrib. + [0.5x Secondary attrib.] SP per minute

AU: 149,597,870 kilometers, 92,955,806 miles, stands for astronomical unit, distance from the sun to the Earth, the length at which Gaussian gravitational constant takes the value 0.01720209895