Gravimetric Signature = Astroids = Mining
Magnetometric Signature = Ruins/Abandoned = Archeology or Salvaging
Radar Signature = Comms facilities/Data Storage = Hacking
Ladar = Gas Clouds = Making Boosters

Enemy damage types:
Guristas: Kinetic,Thermal
Serpentis: Thermal,Kinetic
Blood Raider: EM,Thermal,Kinetic
Sansha's Nation: EM,Thermal
Angel Cartel: Explosive,Kinetic,Thermal,EM
Minmatar Fleet: Thermal/Explosive
Amarr Navy: EM/Thermal
Mordu's Legion: Kinetic,Thermal
Concord: Kinetic,Thermal,Explosive,EM
Khanid: Thermal/EM
Mercenaries: Kinetic/Thermal/Explosive/EM
Odamin: Kinetic,Thermal
Rogue Drones: Thermal,Kinetic,EM,Explosive

Best damage to use against:
Guristas: Kinetic
Serpentis: Kinetic
Mordus: Kinetic
Blood Raiders: EM,Thermal
Sansha: EM,Thermal
Angel: Explosive
Mercenary: Kinetic,Thermal
Concord: Kinetic
Khanid: EM
Odamin: Kinetic
Rogue Drones: EM