Stacking penalties:
100. 87, 57, 28, 10.5, 3

NPC damage to deal / damage to tank:
Angel cartel: explo / explo 62%, kin 22%
Blood raiders: EM / EM 50%, therm 48%
Guristas pirates: kin / kin 79%
Mordu's legion: kin / kin 70%, therm 30%
Sansha's nation: EM / EM 53%, therm 47%
Serpentis: kin / therm 55%, kin 45%

Corporation Standing for Missions:
Level 1 -> 0.0
Level 2 -> 1.0
Level 3 -> 3.0
Level 4 -> 5.0
Level 5 -> 7.0

Faction standing:
-5.0 or below, risk of being attacked by that faction's navy

Security status:
-2.0 or worse will be attacked in 1.0 systems
-2.5 -> 0.9 systems
-3.0 -> 0.8 systems
-3.5 -> 0.7 systems
-4.0 -> 0.6 systems
-4.5 -> 0.5 systems

http://wiki.eveuniversity.org/Cosmic_Anomalies