Main Damage Types to Fire on Enemies:
Angel - Explosive
Blood - EM
Drones - EM
Gurista - Kinetic
Mercenaries - Thermal
Mordus - Thermal
Sansha - EM
Serpentis - Thermal

Main Damage Types Dealt by NPCs:
Amarr Navy - EM / Thermal
Angel Cartel - Explosive / Kinetic
Blood Raider - Thermal / EM
Caldari - Kinetic / Thermal
Gallente - Thermal / Kinetic
Guristas - Kinetic / Thermal
Minmatar Republic - Explosive / EM / Kinetic
Mordu's Legion - Kinetic / Thermal
Rogue Drones - Explosive / Kinetic / Thermal
Sansha's Nation - EM / Thermal
Serpentis - Thermal / Kinetic

Targeting / Sensor systems:
Minmatar - Ladar (Enfeebling)
Caldari - Gravimetric (BZ-5)
Gallente - Magnetometric (Hypnos)
Amarr - Radar (Umbr)