Drone damage types:
Amarr - EM
Caldari - Kinetic
Gallente - Thermal
Minmater - Explosive

Mission Damage Types:
Angel Cartel - Explosive/Kinetic
Blood Raider - EM/Thermal
Guristas Pirates - Kinetic/Thermal
Mordu’s Legion - Kinetic/Thermal
Sansha’s Nation - EM/Thermal
Serpentis - Kinetic/Thermal

Amarr - EM/Thermal
Caldari - Kinetic/Thermal
Gallente - Kinetic/Thermal
Minmatar - Explosive/Kinetic

Mercenary - deals all types (depends on mission) (Weak to thermal)
Rogue Drones - deals all types (weak vs. EM)

Corpus - EM/Thermal
Gist - deals all types (don’t use Thermal)
Pith - Thermal/Kinetic
Cent - EM/Thermal
Khanid Kingdom - EM/Thermal
Odamian - Kinetic/Thermal
Ammatar Navy - EM/Thermal
Thukker Tribe - Explosive/Kinetic
Seven's = Explosive/Kinetic/Thermal

Exploration:
Gravimetric - Asteroids
Magnetometric - Salvage/Archaeology
Radar - Hacking