Stacking penalty mod for Nth module or rig=
0.5 ^ [ ((N-1) / 2.22292)^2 ] (number is rounded)
1st: 100%
2nd: 86.9%
3rd: 57.1%
4th: 28.3%
5th: 10.6%
note: modules with highest bonuses are calculated first.

Turret chance to hit:
ChanceToHit = 0.5 ^ ((((Transversal speed/(Range to target * Turret Tracking))*(Turret Signature Resolution / Target Signature Radius))^2) + ((max(0, Range To Target - Turret Optimal Range))/Turret Falloff)^2)

Align time (seconds) =
[mass(kg) / 1mil] x inertia x 1.386

Lock time (seconds) =
[40000/ScanRes] / [asinh(SigRadius) ^2]

Standing to use agents:
Lv2 = 1.0
Lv3 = 3.0
Lv4 = 5.0
Lv5 = 7.0

Skill training rate =
Primary attrib. + [0.5x Secondary attrib.] SP per minute

hardener calculation:
newres = res+[(1-res)*(hardener*stackpen)]
where newres is your current resistance after fitting the hardener, res is what you had before, hardener is the hardeners resist bonus, and stackpen is stackin