Damage Types to shoot:
Angel - Explosive
Blood - Thermal
Drones - EM
Gurista - Kinetic
Mercenaries - Thermal
Mordus - Thermal & Kinetic
Sansha - EM & Thermal
EoM kin

Damage Types Dealt:
Amarr Navy - EM / Thermal Angel Cartel - All Types
Angel Explosive, Kinetic
Blood Raider - Thermal / EM
Caldari - Kinetic / Thermal
Gallente - Kinetic / Thermal
Guristas - Kinetic / Thermal
Minmatar Fleet - Thermal / Explosive
Mercenaries - Kinetic / Thermal / Explosive
Mordu's Legion - EM / Kinetic / Thermal
Rogue Drones - All Damage Types
Sansha's Nation - EM / Thermal
Serpentis - Kinetic / Thermal
EoM Kin/therm

Helpful places:
http://www.eve-academy.eu/kainscionofbalance/Hints.html
http://eveinfo.com/missions/
http://eve-agents.com/
http://www.eve-central.com/home/market.html
http://wiki.eveonline.com/en/wiki/EFT