The following is not my own information, I got this from somebody else and thought I would post it for other rookies to use....:
** Targeting systems **
Minmatar - Ladar
Caldari - Gravimetric
Gallente - Magnetometric
Amarr - Radar

** Main Damage type to shoot at the enemy **
Guristas - Kinetic
Serpentis - Thermal
Mordus - Thermal & Kinetic
Blood - EM & Thermal
Sansha - EM & Thermal
Angel - Explosive
Mercenary - Thermal

** Damage types done by the enemy **
Guristas - Kinetic / Thermal
Serpentis - Thermal / Kinetic
Blood Raider - Thermal / EM
Sansha's Nation - EM / Thermal
Angel Cartel - Kinetic / Explosive / Thermal
Minmatar Fleet - Thermal / Explosive
Amarr Navy - EM / Thermal