"There are many arts and sciences of which a miner should not be ignorant.

First there is Philosophy, that he may discern the origin, cause and nature of subterranean things; for then he will be able to dig out the veins easily and advantageously, and to obtain more abundant results from his mining.

Secondly there is Medicine, that he may be able to look after his diggers and other workmen.

Thirdly follows Astronomy, that he may know the divisions of the heavens and from them judge the directions of the veins.

Fourthly there is the science of Surveying, that he may be able to estimate how deep a shaft should be sunk.

Fifthly, his knowledge of Arithmetic should be such that he may calculate the cost to be incurred in the machinery and the working of the mine.

Lastly, there is the Law, especially that dealing with metals, that he may claim his own rights, that he may not take another man's property and so make trouble for himself."

― Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica