Different types of turrets can deal different types of damage (only Projectile Turrets and Missiles can use ammunition for all kinds of damage).

Laser (Beam/Pulse): EM and Thermal damage

Hybrid (Rail/Blaster): Thermal and Kinetic damage

Projectile: All kinds of damage

Drones: All kinds of damage
Amarr drones deal EM
Gallente drones deal Thermal
Caldari drones deal Kinetic
Minmatar drones deal Explosive damage

Missiles: All kinds of damage

Angel Cartel: Angel Cartel ships are most susceptible to both explosive and kinetic damage while dealing mostly explosive damage (62%) with a little bit of kinetic (22%)

​​​​​​Blood Raiders: Bloods are best to shoot at with EM and thermal rounds. Raiders deal even spread of EM and thermal damage.

Guristas Pirates: Focus on hitting them with kinetic or thermal slugs and resist mostly kinetic (with a tiny mix of thermal)

Mordu’s Legion: Pretty similar to Guristas with one exception: instead of kinetic/thermal focus on kinetic/em damage type.

Rogue Drones: Those pilotless robots are best to be disposed of using EM and thermal ammo but its hard to properly prepare resistances against them as Rogue Drones deal all kinds of damage.

Sansha Nation: Kill with EM and thermal and set your resistances to the same

Serpentis: Weak against kinetic and thermal damage while dealing the same type spread evenly.

Equilibrium Of Mankind: this rare type of rats has only one weakness: kinetic damage while also dealing mostly (74%) kinetic.

Sleepers: Shoot them with anything and resist everything as much as you can, those guys deal omni damage and have omni resistances.

Sansha’s Nation (Incursion Version): Same as above: omni damage, omni resistances.

Amarr Empire: Kill those holy guys with EM thermal damage while resisting the same

Caldari State: Weak to kinetic/thermal dealing kinetic/thermal damage

Gallente Federations: exactly the same as Caldari State

Minmatar Republic: Susceptible to explosive and kinetic damage while dealing mostly explosive damage (and 31% kinetic)