EMP = close range EM damage
Phased Plasma = close range Thermal damage
Fusion = close range Explosive.

Titanium Sabot = medium range Kinetic damage
Depleted Uranium = medium range, mixed damage (equal parts thermal and explosive, part kinetic)

Proton = long range EM
Carbonized Lead = long range Kinetic
Nuclear = long range Explosive

These systems have career agents, do 10 missions for 1 to boost faction standing:
Amarr: Conoban, Deepari, Pasha
Caldari: Jouvulen, Uitra, Akiainavas
Gallente: Trossere, Couster, Clellinon
Minmatar: Embod, Hadaugago, Malukker

NPC Expect Shoot with
ANGEL Kin/Exp (Exp)
AMARR EM/Th (Th)
BLOOD EM/Th (EM)
CALDARI Kin/Th (Th/Kin)
GALLENTE Kin/Th (Th)
GURISTAS Kin/Th (Kin)
KHANID EM/Th (Th)
MERCENARY EM/Th/Kin (Th)
MORDUS Kin/Th (Kin)
SANSHA EM/Th (EM)